In online surveys, for example, people admit to financial stress and illegal or unethical acts more readily than they do over the phone, and potential blood donors report riskier behaviors. We often respond more frankly to computers and robots than we do to our fellow-humans. But there is an equally important conversation to be had about shame and vulnerability. fixates on the vital concerns of job disruption, privacy, and algorithmic bias. As one patient remarked, “Doctors are always in a hurry.” With the virtual nurse, his subjects could proceed at their own pace, digesting the information without the embarrassment of doing so too slowly. Human health-care providers spend an average of seven minutes with patients at discharge, Bickmore told me, but low-literacy patients need more like an hour. There was a surprise buried in Bickmore’s experiment: seventy-four per cent of his subjects preferred Louise and Elizabeth to their real-life counterparts. But this was not the same old story of the relentless drive for efficiency spawning a dehumanizing tool. It sounds like a classic techno-dystopia-human warmth displaced by a cold computer, one made somehow worse by the patronizing nod to local-sports fandom. “It’s where we think we can have the most impact,” he told me recently. couples counsellor, an exercise coach, a palliative-care consultant-all aimed at disadvantaged clients. You will take one pill in the morning.”) Bickmore has since created a slew of these programs-an A.I. (“Your doctor has prescribed Pantoprazole. It began by asking patients whether they were Red Sox fans, then walked them through what they should do after they were discharged. The virtual nurse, alternately called Louise or Elizabeth, was embodied as an animated figure on a screen. A few years ago, Timothy Bickmore, a computer scientist at Northeastern University, developed an artificial-intelligence program to help low-income patients at Boston Medical Center prepare for their return home from the hospital.
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